Several speaker sites recommend the gauge be based on the run-length: 1-10 ft: 16 ga 11-20 ft: 14 ga 20+ ft: 12 ga Most people here have been purchasing rolls af 12 ga and using it for all their speakers. No, it does not have to be shielded.
Check your local building code to see if you are required to have CL-2 or CL-3 rated wire for 'in wall use' if you are running it in the crawl space. Keep the speaker wires away from any heating ducts and electrical wiring. A foot should be fine IMO, but the further away the better. Can you...