In some cases, a rock/pop FM radio station might have also run an additional "aural exciter" on the music.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exciter_(effect)
On a then-rock station I listened to back in the day, I strongly suspected they were using such a device which was "more than" just a...
(Thinking about this more).
I have to wonder, does Apple and other download/streaming providers run their own "mastering plugins" on top of the master tapes/files (whether previously mastered or not) they have access to? For example as a hypothetical case, a "mastering plugin" which...
Even worse is when the original master tapes and/or 24-track multitrack tapes, are completely destroyed or missing. For example, such as what happened in the 2008 Universal vault fire...
For a lot of stuff that was released over the past 20-25 years, the mastering stage is possibly where a lot of the atrocities were committed in the form of "brickwalling".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudness_war
Stuff older than 20-25 years seems to have less issues with deliberate...
Technically there is also an additional "mastering" stage, where the 2-channel stereo tape is massaged, eq'd, compressed/limited, etc ... so that is actually "sounds" like a typical album on vinyl/cd.
If you want to know the difference between something that has no "mastering" done to a...
For clarity, I should define "master tape" a bit more precisely.
Back in the analog days, the 24 tracks are mixed down to a 2-channel stereo master tape.
If an artist/producer is hardcore enough and wants to do a remix, they would have to go back to the original 24-track tape and do a new mix...
At minimum, who has physical possession of the original master tape(s) of a particular album ?
If a "remaster" is being made whether for a cd, dvd-audio, sacd, bluray-audio, etc .... re-release and/or lossless files, then this would require physical access to the original master tape(s).
So...