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Simon of the Desert - Criterion Collection (1965)

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Simon of the Desert - Criterion Collection (1965)

Simon of the Desert, the last of Luis Buñuel's 20 Mexican films, is one of the pioneer Surrealist's sublime provocations. In Buñuel's re-imagining of the legend of St. Simeon Stylites--the 5th-century ascetic who passed 40 years atop a pillar in the Syrian desert--we first encounter the holy man as he's upgrading from his original modest pedestal to a 28-foot column six years, six weeks, and six days (666!) into his desert solitude. Viewers of Viridiana, Nazarín, and other Buñuel glosses on Catholicism won't be surprised that dogma and piety get short shrift, or that the saint's relentless self-abnegation is tinged with moral superiority and a disdain for his fellow humans. Towering against the sky (and towering all the more in the person of Claudio Brook, the gaunt butler in The Exterminating Angel), Simón heroically resists multiple temptations by Beelzebub-as-blond-hottie (Silvia Pinal, the once and virginal Viridiana) and such blackly comic distractions as exploding frogs, the Devil's motorized coffin, and a dwarf goatherd enamored of his flock. The film's triumph lies in the disarming plainness of Buñuel's style, his masterly use of the spare setting and an almost functional-seeming camera to locate surreality in the mundane.

Simón's ritual ordeal ends abruptly in a wildly anachronistic coda, a stroke as brilliant as it is zany ... though how much that was Buñuel's original intention is open to question. The picture runs a mere 45 minutes. In his memoir Buñuel says that producer Gustavo Alatriste "ran into some unfortunate financial problems ... and I had to cut a full half of the film." Alternatively, in a 2006 interview conducted for this Criterion release, Silvia Pinal claims that she and her producer-husband Alatriste had the notion to make an omnibus film starring her in all three short-story episodes: Buñuel's, plus a segment directed by Federico Fellini, plus another by Jules Dassin. Then Fellini and Dassin each proposed casting their actress-wives (Giulietta Masina and Melina Mercouri, respectively) instead of Pinal, so only Buñuel's episode got made. Whichever explanation is true, Simon at 45 minutes is more movie than most films of conventional length, and its unclassifiability as either feature or short subject seems like yet another Buñuelian jest. (U.S. art-house exhibitors in 1969 paired Simon with Orson Welles's 58-minute The Immortal Story to create a viable feature-length program.)

Also on the disc
Filling out the Criterion disc is A Mexican Buñuel, an hourlong 1997 documentary focusing on the director's life in Mexico and how he managed to do his unorthodox thing in that country's commercial cinema from 1947 to 1965. Emilio Maillé's film includes testimony from frequent screenwriting partner Luis Alcoriza (Sancho Panza to Buñuel's Don Quixote, according to Carlos Fuentes), editor Carlos Savage, and actors Roberto Cobo (the horrific Jaibo in Los olvidados, quite delightful in old age), Ernesto Alonso (Archibaldo de la Cruz), and Katy Jurado, among others. All remember their director as "brusque but cordial, always joking," and we hear how he demanded that the great Gabriel Figueroa, cinematographer of Simon of the Desert and other key Buñuel films, forgo the dramatic storm-sky style for which he was celebrated. There are also passages with Buñuel's wife of half a century (with whom he never talked about his work) and clips from a '60s Buñuel interview conducted in English ("I am the black humor!"). Alcoriza speaks of himself and Buñuel as "atheists intrigued by religion," and the film is framed by images of a 1997 attempt to reclaim Simón's column from the peasant's field where it lay for 32 years, taking up ground that might otherwise support "four or five stalks of corn." --Richard T. Jameson

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User Reviews: Simon of the Desert - Criterion Collection (1965)

Ranked #7 in the category Art House & International DVDs
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July 9, 2009 at 8:22 pm
MattH.
Reviewed by MattH.
Pros: great imagery and beautiful cinematography
Cons: unsatisfying ending; somewhat dour tone

World renowned atheist Luis Buñuel brings his examination of faith and temptation to the screen in Simon of the Desert, a haunting religious allegory that condenses the trials of faith into a marvelous three quarter hour short feature. Yes, it’s filled with his legendary surrealistic touches, too, and as this was Buñuel’s last-ever film shot in Mexico, it makes a fitting coda to a film career there that would stand him in remarkable stead for the series of movies which would be produced in the future.

Ascetic priest Simon (Claudio Brook) has placed himself atop a towering pillar in the middle of the desert where he worships God and regularly heals the infirm, a practice he‘s been judiciously following for the last eight years, eight months, and eight days. While he stands solitary on his pedestal, he’s tempted by any number of human and spiritual temptations: for food, for uncharitable thoughts toward some of those below, for giving into pride in showing up lies of other priests jealous of the devotion of his followers. But the major temptations are from Satan himself who either possesses humans to do his bidding or disguises himself in a series of astonishing manifestations (often actress Silvia Pinal).

Quite different from the usual pious tone in Hollywood religious films, Simon of the Desert finds Buñuel in a rather playful mood. His central character is not above making catty comments about the ignorant or ungrateful among his flock, and the surreal moments (a casket rapidly sliding across the desert, a jet plane soaring overhead which takes us into the film‘s final ironic and ultimately revelatory sequence) are as usual unforgettable. Yes, his defeatist attitude toward the sincerely pious is fairly predictable, and his ending isn’t quite as satisfying as it might have been. It’s still a haunting examination of religious devotion with some iconic images. And Gabriel Figueroa’s cinematography is breathtaking: a sandstorm midway through the film is one of cinema’s most beautifully composed and shot images.

Two actors are pretty much the whole show. The film was originally planned as a three part anthology starring actress Silvia Pinal, and though the last two parts were never made, this short film showcases her in a variety of eccentric masquerades as the devil. As the sorely tempted Simon, Claudio Brook looks and acts every inch the sainted martyr, that is, up to that last sequence where he proves himself a hipster who can appreciate a groove with the best of them. In much smaller roles, Hortensia Santoveña as Simon’s long-suffering mother and Enrique del Castillo as a man with no hands hoping for a miracle make momentarily good impressions.


Video Quality

 
The film’s 1.33:1 theatrical aspect ratio is delivered faithfully in this transfer, slightly windowboxed in Criterion’s customary fashion. Though the opening credit sequence appears to have been overly processed to remove dirt and flickers a bit, the remainder of the film is simply gorgeous with excellent contrast delivering a grayscale that would be hard to top. Only a fairly long black scratch along the right side of the frame ruins an otherwise top-notch video transfer. The white subtitles are very easy to read. The film has been divided into 8 chapters.

Audio Quality

 
The Dolby Digital 1.0 mono track is burdened by moderate hiss for much of the running time, only occasionally backing off into a lighter volume but never fully going away. Otherwise, dialogue, music, and sound effects all blend well into the center channel.


Special Features

 
As a “budget priced” Criterion disc, there are still some very worthwhile extras.

A Mexican Buñuel is a beautifully made 55 ½-minute documentary on the director’s memorable string of Mexican-produced films. Directed by Emilio Maillé, the documentary features a rich sampling of film clips and stills from his memorable works made there between 1947 and 1965. Presented in 4:3 and with a very effective Dolby Digital 2.0 stereo surround audio track, this documentary alone is worth the price of the set.

Actress Silvia Pinal is featured in a 2006 interview in which she explains why only one piece of the proposed three-part film anthology made it to the screen. The interview is presented in 4:3 and runs for 6 ½ minutes.

The enclosed 30-page booklet features many stills from the film as well as a scholarly essay on the movie by film author Michael Wood and an excerpt from a book of compiled interviews with Luis Buñuel which especially address the movie Simon of the Desert.


In Conclusion

 
Beautifully produced, well acted, and with some fascinating food for thought concerning religious devotion and enticement, Simon of the Desert is a highly recommended treat and would make a wonderful introduction to the films of Luis Buñuel for the uninitiated.


Matt Hough
Charlotte, NC


Article: Simon of the Desert - Criterion Collection (1965)

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