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[ Will 1080p be the next misnomer (wrong labels)? Are 2.35/2.4:1 films REALLY 1080p? ]

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Old 05-28-2006, 08:31 AM   #31 of 60
Lew Crippen
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Re: Will 1080p be the next misnomer (wrong labels)? Are 2.35/2.4:1 films REALLY 1080p?


Quote:
Originally Posted by Ray Ruggaurs
Okay what about the actual film source?
Aren't most 2.35:1 movies made from 70mm film and the top and bottom "cut off" for that extra wide 2.35:1 shape? E.g Terminator 2 Full screen and widescreen versions or Harry Potter and the P's Stone Full screen and widescreen versions.

...

The source material isn't anamorphic enhanced but matted.

...
Most 2.35:1 movies are shot on 35mm, not 70mm.

Terminator 2 for example was shot on 35mm stock using anamorpic techniques (to get the widescreen effect).

The 70mm screenings you may have seen are from 70mm prints, blown up from the 35mm negatives.

Likewise Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s/Sorcerer’s Stone was shot on 35mm stock with anamorphic techniques.



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Old 05-28-2006, 08:49 AM   #32 of 60
Joseph DeMartino
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Re: Will 1080p be the next misnomer (wrong labels)? Are 2.35/2.4:1 films REALLY 1080p?


*Whew* So many wrong assumptions, so little time.

Quote:
Aren't most 2.35:1 movies made from 70mm film and the top and bottom "cut off" for that extra wide 2.35:1 shape? E.g Terminator 2 Full screen and widescreen versions...

In a word, "no". Most 2.35:1 movies are either shot on 70mm large format film or on 35mm film with anamorphic ("shape distorting") lenses that "squeeze" the image horizontally to fit the film frame. The resulting negative can either be used to produce an undistorted 70mm print or an anamorphic 35mm print which will have to be projected with a special lens to correct the distortion.

The two films you cite were not shot in 70mm but were done using a process called Super 35mm, where a portion of the film frame usually reserved for the optical soundtrack on release print is used for the film image. Super35 allows for the director to extract various aspect ratios from the same frame, albeit with reduced resolution and increased visible grain at wider ratios, since the image has to be blown up to be projected that way. Super35 became popular in the 80s because it allowed a 1.33:1 image to be created for TV and home video with a minimum of panning and scanning, and therefore did less violence to the original compositon. Directors could simultaneously compose - or at least "protect" - for both their intended ratio (anything from 1.78:1 to 2.35:1) and for the all-important "TV/airline" ratio.

Even with Super35 there is often some panning and scanning for the 1.33:1 version as SFX shots are generally created for the final theatrical ratio using large format film to retain the best possible resolution.

Super35 is used in many filmed television shows these days, as it easily accomodates HD widescreen and standard-def versions of the same footage.

With widescreen TVs gradually taking over thanks to the mandated move to digital broadcasting, I think Super35 is going to be used less and less in both theatrical and television applications.


Quote:
The source material isn't anamorphic enhanced but matted.

Although the same term is used and the underlying concepts are the same, "anamorphic" as it applies to shooting a film and "anamorphic" as it applies to mastering a DVD really have nothing at all to do with one another. An anamorphic DVD can be made from any widescreen film source, regardless of whether it was shot "flat" with a spherical lens or "anamorphic" with a distorting lens. Similarly a non-anamorphic disc can (and in the early days often was) made from an anamorphic film source.

Quote:
So if 1080p is very close to how a 1.78:1 film source looks like and if the 2.35:1 movie is simply a 77mm film source with some of the top and bottom cut then wouldn't 1080p still be very close to how a 2.35:1 film source looks like?

1) A 1080p frame looks damned good, but no consumer video system looks "very close" to what actual film looks like. Video has improved by leaps and bounds, true. But let's not kid ourselves about how far we've come.

2) In a way, in spite of everything, you're almost right. On a 1.77:1 TV screen a 2.35:1 source will look almost as film-like as a 1.77:1 source if both are presented in 1080p. But DaViD is right that on a 2.35:1 screen in a constant height arrangement, you'd get a better image if you had more lines of resolution availble for such a screen. Which practically nobody has and which I don't see very many people getting in, say, the next 10 years. 20 years from now we'll probably be dealing with multistandard displays that adjust on the fly and follow us from room to room. (Forget that "pause live TV" nonsesne. I want a TV that will come with me to the kitchen while I get a drink or make a sandwich, or to the bathroom if I have to make a pit-stop during the Big Game. )

Regards,

Joe


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Old 05-28-2006, 08:50 AM   #33 of 60
Joseph DeMartino
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Re: Will 1080p be the next misnomer (wrong labels)? Are 2.35/2.4:1 films REALLY 1080p?


Quote:
Terminator 2 for example was shot on 35mm stock using anamorpic techniques (to get the widescreen effect).

Nope. Shot "flat" with spherical lenses in Super35. See my reply below yours.

Regards,

Joe


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Old 05-28-2006, 08:58 AM   #34 of 60
Ray Ruggaurs
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Re: Will 1080p be the next misnomer (wrong labels)? Are 2.35/2.4:1 films REALLY 1080p?


Cool! I stand corrected! Thanks for not ripping me new one on the mistakes!
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Old 05-28-2006, 09:19 AM   #35 of 60
Joseph DeMartino
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Re: Will 1080p be the next misnomer (wrong labels)? Are 2.35/2.4:1 films REALLY 1080p?


Quote:
Originally Posted by Ray Ruggaurs
Cool! I stand corrected! Thanks for not ripping me new one on the mistakes!

Well, I'd be a poor one to do that since I made many of the same mistakes when I started out with this hobby. I think you'll find very little of that sort of thing goes on at the HTF, although I hear it is common on other boards.

I've never understood why that happens. You were obviously doing your best to figure something out based incomplete information. The obvious solution is to supply you with more information. I don't see how yelling at someone for an honest mistake improves the learning process. (Other than to feed the yeller's ego. )

Plus you correctly phrased you post in the form of a question. If you'd said: "You guys are all wrong. Everybody with a brain knows that all 70mm films are just matted to 2.35:1, so they've already lost resoultion and will look just the same as 1.78:1 films. How can you not see that?" the replies would probably still have been polite, but maybe a little sarcastic.

Regards,

Joe


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Old 05-28-2006, 09:31 AM   #36 of 60
DaViD Boulet
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Re: Will 1080p be the next misnomer (wrong labels)? Are 2.35/2.4:1 films REALLY 1080p?


Hey Ray,

it's all confusing... and with the many differenent techniques that can be used to capture film for 2.35:1 movies, it's no wonder there would be some head scratching.

In laymen's terms there are two basic ways to make "widescreen" movies on film:

* Shoot the film in basically a 4x3-shaped film-stock and then matte the top/bottom for the theater. This is what you were wondering and to some extent it's true about both T2 and Harry Potter... to get the 2.35:1 shape a little bit of image is matted on the top bottom in general (depends on the scene)... but the idea you have that the entire vertical range of the actual film print is not being used for active picture for the theater is true.

* Shoot the film so that the entire widescreen image is captured on the film-frame using the entire surface to get the best resolution. This is what is called anamorphic filming... because usually the film frame itself isn't the same shape as the movie and so a distorting-lens is used to "squeeze" the picture onto the film print to use the entire available space.



Now... how does this relate to video?

Well... the first thing to realize is that when we talk about "anamorphic" with film we're talking litterally... there's an image and a physical film stock and we use a lens to distort it (and then another one to undistort it when projected). However, with digital video, we've just got "pixels" and so we're really just changing the ratio of horizontal pixels to vertical when we digitall scan or convert the image. Since digital image have no native "shape" but are just representations of a shape based on a flag in the meta-data of the signal, I usually don't like the word "anamorphic" at all... but rather like to say things like "4x3 encoded" or "16x9 encoded" or "20x9 encoded"... that means that whatever pixel matrix you have (like 720 x 480 or 1920 x 1080) is just being used to express that frame shape.

There's no one right "shape" to a frame though convention leads us to usually think of the shape that makes the pixels square as the "native" shape if we had to pick one to be the default. With a 1920 x 1080 image, that would be the 16x9 frame-shape (the pixels are perfectly square). Though with standard-def DVD that doesn't work because the pixels are *never* square with any frame-shape that we use... in 4x3 encoded images the pixels are tall and narrow and with 16x9 images the pixels are wider than they are high. Pretty interesting, hugh?

Ok... so where is this going...

well, the basic idea is this:

You've got an image on film. In theory it has much more resolution than the pixels you're about to scan it into. And so you want to use as many pixels as you can to minimize the loss of detail when converting to digital. Therefore, you pick whatever frame-shape you can to get the most pixels used for active picture area... any pixels that are used on static black-bars will be "wasted" and won't be able to provide additional picture detail... detail that was in the original film print.

Yes, believe it or not, even a grainy 35 mm "open matte" movie (one that gets matted in the theater) has more "detail" in it than you can scan into a 1920 x 1080 pixel array. That's why you don't want to skimp if you don't have to... just like with 16x9 encoded DVD, you still want to use all the pixels you can.

Now, when they came up with HD for BD and HD DVD, they just made things simple and picked a single 16x9 frame-shape as a "one size fits all" HD matrix. IMO, it would have been better to have allowed for a wider frame shape to scan 2.35:1 movies so that we wouldn't have to waste *any* pixels on black bars. In home-theaters with large screens like front projection systems, it would have made a visible improvment for these scope movies. It would have required a more complicated signal path to process it down to 16x9 for regular viewers without fancy 2.35:1 projection equipment, but in the long run it would have been worth it... in my opinion.

Ok... hope that all helps.



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Old 05-28-2006, 09:33 AM   #37 of 60
DaViD Boulet
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Re: Will 1080p be the next misnomer (wrong labels)? Are 2.35/2.4:1 films REALLY 1080p?


Quote:
Plus you correctly phrased you post in the form of a question. If you'd said: "You guys are all wrong. Everybody with a brain knows that all 70mm films are just matted to 2.35:1, so they've already lost resoultion and will look just the same as 1.78:1 films. How can you not see that?" the replies would probably still have been polite, but maybe a little sarcastic.

Joe,

I know the poster your talking about. But I'd hate to rob you of the HD mystery...




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Old 05-28-2006, 11:55 AM   #38 of 60
Lew Crippen
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Re: Will 1080p be the next misnomer (wrong labels)? Are 2.35/2.4:1 films REALLY 1080p?


Quote:
Originally Posted by Joseph DeMartino
Nope. Shot "flat" with spherical lenses in Super35. See my reply below yours.

Regards,

Joe
I'm not in disagreement Joe--I did not make the distinction between Super35 and 35mm.

I am probably wrong, but even though shot flat, I believe that some anamorphic techniques were used in going to the prints. On purpose I did not say that either movie was shot with anamorphic lenses.



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Old 05-28-2006, 12:05 PM   #39 of 60
Joseph DeMartino
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Re: Will 1080p be the next misnomer (wrong labels)? Are 2.35/2.4:1 films REALLY 1080p?


Quote:
Originally Posted by Lew Crippen
I am probably wrong, but even though shot flat, I believe that some anamorphic techniques were used in going to the prints. On purpose I did not say that either movie was shot with anamorphic lenses.

Well, in both cases you said, "shot on 35mm stock using anamorpic techniques" which certainly sounds like you meant anamorphic "techniques" were used in shooting the films rather than used in creating prints. So you can see why I interpreted your post as I did.

Anyway, as we used to say in the Bronx, "No autopsy, no foul."

Joe


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