This thread actually reminded me of a book I own (shocking, isn't it?)....The Genius of China: 3000 Years of Science, Discovery and Invention by Robert Temple. The research was originally done by Joseph Needham, Director of The Needham Research Institute at Cambridge University. Most important invention of all??? You make the call....
a place for zero (in math)
paper
matches
the crossbow
gunpowder
the kite
water power
the belt drive (for turntables?)
the chain drive
the suspension bridge
strong beer (sake)
the umbrella
playing cards
paper money
the rudder (on boats)
negative numbers
the crank handle
the fishing reel
the seismograph
the compass
the propeller
the stirrup
printing press
Well, the book goes on and on. Here's a link to the book at Amazon.com. Very good and interesting read.
Agriculture and farming. Without the domestication of plants, and, eventually, animals, society is basically incapable of progressing. Once a group was able to settle in one place and be self-sufficient, material and personal possesions became more common, and eventually a more structured society formed. And then some sort of record keeping evolved into written language. The rest, is history.
Beer is pretty good idea too though, and, without the domestication of grains and cereals, we wouldn't have it!
I second the birth control pill and the male contraceptive!
I predict the next greatest invention to be:
- A method or device that would convince everyone to take the contraceptives. Uh, besides the gun...
I'd say before the printing process came paper. Paper made possible the recording of knowledge which made a lot of other things possible. I think the ability to document and transfer knowledge/information is one of the most important things that elevate mankind (maybe more than opposable thumbs), and that can be done efficiently only with paper.